1. Orson F. Whitney, “Home Literature,” in A Believing People: Literature of the Latter-day Saints, ed. Richard H. Cracroft and Neil E. Lambert (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1974), 206.

2. Eugene England, “The Dawning of a Brighter Day: Mormon Literature after 150 Years,” BYU Studies 22, no. 2 (1982): 133.

3. Richard Cracroft, “Eugene England and the Rise and Progress of Mormon Letters,” Sunstone 121 (January 2002): 42.

4. Cracroft, “Eugene England and the Rise and Progress of Mormon Letters,” 43.

5. Eugene England, “Mormon Literature: Progress and Prospects,” in Mormon Americana: A Guide to Sources and Collections in the United States, ed. David J. Whittaker (Provo, Utah: BYU Studies, 1995), 457.

6. Cracroft and Lambert, Believing People, 5.

7. Terryl L. Givens, People of Paradox: A History of Mormon Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), xv.

8. Givens, People of Paradox, 28.

9. Parley P. Pratt, Key to the Science of Theology (1855; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1965), 40.

10. The Westminster Confession of Faith (London: Tyler, 1647); available at http://www.reformed.org/documents/shaw/index.html?mainframe/documents/shaw/shaw_02.html.

11. Givens, People of Paradox, 161.

12. Givens, People of Paradox, 42.

13. England, “Dawning of a Brighter Day,” 140.

14. England, “Mormon Literature,” 462.

15. Franklin Richards, “Poems by Eliza R. Snow,” Millennial Star, February 16, 1856, 106.

16. Thomas E. Lyon, “Publishing a Book of Mormon Poetry: The Harp of Zion,” BYU Studies, 27 no. 1 (1987): 85.

17. Givens, People of Paradox, 167.

18. William W. Phelps, “Letter No. 12,” Messenger and Advocate, November 1835, 223.

19. Whitney, “Home Literature,” 206.

20. England, “Mormon Literature,” 462.

21. England, “Mormon Literature,” 469.

22. Edward A. Geary, “Mormondom’s Lost Generation: The Novelists of the 1940s,” BYU Studies 18, no. 1 (1977): 92.

23. Edward A. Geary, “The Poetics of Provincialism: Mormon Regional Fiction,” Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 11, no. 2 (1978): 23.

24. Geary, “Poetics of Provincialism,” 23–24.

25. Geary, “Poetics of Provincialism,” 15–16.

26. England, “Dawning of a Brighter Day,” 143.

27. England, “Mormon Literature,” 471.

28. England, “Mormon Literature,” 472.

29. Givens, People of Paradox, 307.

30. Stacy Burton, “Rethinking Religious Experience: Notes from Critical Theory, Feminism, and Real Life,” Dialogue 28, no. 4 (1995): 67–88.

31. Robert Bird, “Mormon Postmodernism: Worlds without End in Young’s Salvador and Card’s Lost Boys,” Dialogue 32, no. 3 (1999): 56.

32. Richard Cracroft, review of Harvest: Contemporary Mormon Poems, ed. Eugene England and Dennis Clark, BYU Studies 30, no. 2 (1990): 119.

33. Cracroft, review of Harvest, 122.

34. Richard Cracroft, “Attuning the Authentic Mormon Voice: Stemming the Sophic Tide in LDS Literature,” Sunstone 91 (July 1993): 54.

35. England, “Mormon Literature,” 457.

36. Bruce Jorgensen, “To Tell and Hear Stories: Let the Stranger Say,” in Tending the Garden: Essays on Mormon Literature, ed. Eugene England and Lavina Fielding Anderson (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1996): 55.

37. Jorgensen, “To Tell and Hear Stories,” 63.

38. Gideon Burton, “Toward a Mormon Criticism: Should We Ask ‘Is This Mormon Literature?’” Dialogue 32, no. 3 (1999): 40.

39. Burton, “Toward a Mormon Criticism,” 39.

40. Dale L. Morgan, “Mormon Story Tellers,” Rocky Mountain Review 7 (Fall 1942): 1–7. This short-lived journal of criticism and original writing should not be confused with the current journal of the same name published by the Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association. This article was republished in The Rocky Mountain Reader, ed. Ray B. West Jr. (New York: Dutton, 1946), 404–13, and can also be found in Dale Morgan on the Mormons: Collected Works, Part 1, 1939–1951, ed. Richard L. Saunders, Kingdom in the West: The Mormons and the American Frontier, vol. 14 (Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 2012), 149–58.

41. William Mulder, “Mormonism and Literature,” Western Humanities Review 9 (Winter 1954–55): 85–89.

42. Cracroft, “Attuning the Authentic Mormon Voice,” 55, 56.

43. Eugene England, Dialogues with Myself: Personal Essays on Mormon Experience (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1984): 61.

44. England, “Mormon Literature,” 461.

45. Richard D. Rust, “Virtuous, Lovely, or of Good Report: Thoughts on a Latter-day Saint Literary Criticism,” paper delivered at Literature and Belief Colloquium, March 31, 1995, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

46. Ross Murfin and Supryia M. Ray, eds., The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms, 4th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2009), s.v. “Literary Criticism.”

47. Murfin and Ray, Bedford Glossary, s.v. “Theory.”

48. William Harmon and C. Hugh Holman, eds., A Handbook to Literature, 8th ed. (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2000), s.v. “Theoretical Criticism.” For a useful anthology written by Latter-day Saint professors of English summarizing several of the main theoretical approaches to literature, see David Cowles, ed., The Critical Experience: Literary Reading, Writing, and Criticism, 2d ed. (Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1994).

49. Murfin and Ray, Bedford Glossary, s.v. “Theory.”

50. Murfin and Ray, Bedford Glossary, s.v. “Theory.”

51. Harmon and Holman, Handbook to Literature, s.v. “Criticism.”

52. Karl Keller, “The Example of Flannery O’Connor,” Dialogue 9, no. 4 (1974): 62.

53. Keller, “Example of Flannery O’Connor,” 62.

54. Keller, “Example of Flannery O’Connor,” 63.

55. Keller, “Example of Flannery O’Connor,” 69–70.

56. England, “Mormon Literature,”459. First published in 1965, this work by McMurrin was insightfully and sympathetically reviewed by Truman Madsen in BYU Studies 9, no. 1 (1968): 103–9.

57. “Discourse, 7 April 1844, as Reported by William Clayton,” Joseph Smith Papers, available at http://josephsmithpapers.org/paperSummary/discourse-7-april-1844-as-reported-by-william-clayton&p=3; see also Andrew F. Ehat and Lyndon W. Cook, comps. and eds., The Words of Joseph Smith: The Contemporary Accounts of the Nauvoo Discourses of the Prophet Joseph (Orem, Utah: Grandin Book, 1991), 357.

58. Kent E. Robson, “Time and Eternity,” in The Encyclopedia of Mormonism, ed. Daniel H. Ludlow, 4 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1992), 4:1478.

59. Robson, “Time and Eternity,” 1478.

60. Robson, “Time and Eternity,” 1479.

61. Eugene England, “The Weeping God of Mormonism,” Dialogue 35, no. 1 (2002): 63–80.

62. England, “Mormon Literature,” 459–60.

63. England, “Mormon Literature,” 460.

64. Brigham Henry Roberts, The New Witnesses for God: The Book of Mormon, Volume 3 (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1909), 228.

65. England, “Dawning of a Brighter Day,”153.

66. Benjamin F. Cummings III, The Eternal Individual Self (Salt Lake City: Utah Printing, 1968): 61.

67. Cummings, Eternal Individual Self, 70.

68. Cummings, Eternal Individual Self, 121.

69. England, “Mormon Literature,” 460.

70. England, “Dawning of a Brighter Day,” 136.

71. Northrop Frye, quoted in Holman and Harmon, Handbook to Literature, s.v., “Archetype.”

72. T. S. Eliot, quoted in Holman and Harmon, Handbook to Literature, s.v., “Archetype.”

73. Holman and Harmon, Handbook to Literature, s.v. “Mythic Criticism.”

74. Vincent B. Leitch and others, “Northop Frye,” in The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism, 2d ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 2010), 1302.

75. Jean-François Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Theory and History of Literature 10 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984), xxiv.

76. Matthew Arnold, “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time,” in The Longman Anthology of British Literature, vol. 2B, The Victorian Age, 2d ed. (New York: Longman, 2003), 1582.

77. Spencer W. Kimball, “Second Century Address,” BYU Studies 16, no. 4 (1976): 454.

78. Holman and Harmon, Handbook to Literature, s.v. “Renaissance.”

79. Giovanni Pico Della Mirandola, “Oration on the Dignity of Man,” in The Renaissance Philosophy of Man, ed. Ernst Cassirer, Paul Oskar Kristeller, and John Herman Randall Jr. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948), 225.

80. Siniŝa Maleŝević and Mark Haugaard, Ernest Gellner and Contemporary Social Thought (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 86.

81. Mirandola, “Oration on the Dignity of Man,” 227.

82. Joseph Smith Jr., History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ed. B. H. Roberts, 2d ed., rev., 7 vols. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1971), 5:517.

83. Burton, “Toward a Mormon Criticism,” 38.

84. Burton, “Toward a Mormon Criticism,” 41.

85. Burton, “Toward a Mormon Criticism,” 41.

86. Cracroft, “Attuning the Authentic Mormon Voice,” 53.

87. Cracroft, “Review of Harvest,” 121.

88. Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. (online version), s.v. “Logos.”

89. N. B. Lundwall, comp., A Compilation Containing the Lectures on Faith (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, n.d.), 61 (Lecture Seventh, paragraph 3).

90. The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906 ed., s.v. “Memra,” http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/directory/M/10532?page=4.

91. England, “Dawning of a Brighter Day,” 136.

92. England, “Dawning of a Brighter Day,” 136.

93. Fredric Jameson, The Prison-House of Language: A Critical Account of Structuralism and Russian Formalism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972).

94. See Jack Harrell, “Making Meaning as a Mormon Writer,” Sunstone 169 (December 2012): 6–8.

95. John Steinbeck, East of Eden (New York: Penguin, 2000), 413.

96. Steinbeck, East of Eden, 411.

97. David Foster Wallace, This Is Water: Some Thoughts, Delivered on a Significant Occasion, about Living a Compassionate Life (New York: Little, Brown, 2009), 107.

98. Ronald B. Tobias, 20 Master Plots and How to Build Them, 1st ed. (Cincinnati: Writer’s Digest, 2003), 38.

99. Marshall Gregory, “Redefining Ethical Criticism: The Old vs. the New,” Journal of Literary Theory 4, no. 2 (2010): 273–74.

100. Gregory, “Redefining Ethical Criticism,” 278.

101. Gregory, “Redefining Ethical Criticism,” 289.

102. Gregory, “Redefining Ethical Criticism,” 283.

103. Gregory, “Redefining Ethical Criticism,” 289–90, 291, emphasis in original.

104. England, “Dawning of a Brighter Day,” 141.

105. Eugene England, “Danger on the Right! Danger on the Left! The Ethics of Recent Mormon Fiction,” Dialogue 32, no. 3 (1999): 14.

106. England, “Danger on the Right!” 18.

107. Jonathan Culler, Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction (Lanham, Md.: Oxford University Press, 2000), 39.

108. Culler, Literary Theory, 40.

109. Stephen K. George, Ethics, Literature, Theory: An Introductory Reader 2d ed. (New York: Rowan and Littlefield, 2005), xv.

110. Leitch and others, Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism, 22.

111. Leitch and others, Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism, 22.

112. Leitch and others, Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism, 23.

113. See 1 Nephi 1:2; Mormon 9:34; and Mosiah 28:14.

114. International Council on Biblical Inerrancy, “The Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy,” Dallas Theological Seminary: Mosher and Turpin Libraries, 1978, http://library.dts.edu/Pages/TL/Special/ICBI.shtml.

115. “The Church records created during these turbulent years [the early years of the Restoration] include eight documents in which Joseph Smith recorded details of his initial vision experience. Three of these, with minor differences, are duplications of a previous one.” Dean C. Jessee, “The Earliest Documented Accounts of Joseph Smith’s First Vision,” in Opening the Heavens: Accounts of Divine Manifestations, 1820–1844, ed. John W. Welch with Erick B. Carlson (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2005), 3.

116. “Church Releases New Edition of English Scriptures in Digital Formats,” The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, https://www.lds.org/scriptures/press?lang=eng.

117. England, “Mormon Literature,” 461.

118. Leitch and others, Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism, 23.

119. Frederic Jameson, “Postmodernism and Consumer Society,” in Leitch and others, Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism, 1860.

120. Jameson, “Postmodernism and Consumer Society,” 1860.

121. Christopher Butler, Postmodernism: A Brief Insight (New York: Sterling, 2010), 143.

122. Butler, Postmodernism, 151.

123. Harmon and Holman, Handbook to Literature, s.v. “Logocentrism.”

124. David Foster Wallace, “E Unibus Pluram: Television and U.S. Fiction,” Review of Contemporary Fiction 13, no. 2 (1993): 171.

125. Lyotard, Postmodern Condition, xxiv.

126. Adam Kelly, “David Foster Wallace and the New Sincerity in American Fiction,” in Consider David Foster Wallace: Critical Essays, ed. David Herring (Los Angeles: Sideshow Media, 2010), 144.

127. David Foster Wallace, Consider the Lobster (New York: Back Bay, 2007), 77.

128. Kelly, “David Foster Wallace,” 144.

129. Butler, Postmodernism, 68–69.

130. Michael Austin, “The Function of Mormon Literary Criticism at the Present Time,” Dialogue 28, no. 4 (1995): 143.

131. Culler, Literary Theory, 3.

132. Whitney, “Home Literature,” 206.

Jack Harrell

BYU Studies Publications